With such topics as hydrogen-powered cars and extinguishing fires with sound, the September issue of the BBC’s Science Focus magazine details "39 ideas about to change our world."
Here are six of the most impressive.
Amanda Macias contributed to this report.
1. Hydrogen-powered cars and refueling stations
Fueled by the chemical reaction of hydrogen gas and oxygen, Toyota’s Mirai goes on sale in late 2015, but it is expected to remain expensive because hydrogen gas must be stored in heavy-duty, high-pressure tanks for safety reasons, BBC Science Focus reports.
Therefore, scientists at the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities (STFC) are developing a low-cost method of extracting hydrogen from ammonia.
According to professor Bill David, who leads the STFC research team, "a small amount of hydrogen mixed with ammonia is sufficient to provide combustion in a conventional car engine."
"While our process is not yet optimized, we estimate that an ammonia decomposition reactor no bigger than a 2-liter bottle will provide enough hydrogen to run a mid-range family car," David said in a news release.
Source: BBC Science Focus, Issue 285, September 2015, Science and Technology Facilities Council
2. Nearly supersonic trains
Propelled by compressed air and induction motors inside a vacuum tube, Elon Musk’s Hyperloop passenger-train concept is designed to travel at 760 mph — much faster than Japan’s new maglev bullet train (374 mph).
Earlier this year, Musk announced a Hyperloop pod competition that would enable students and independent engineering teams to design and build a subscale pod for the train. From the more than 1,700 teams that registered, 300 teams were recently selected to move to the next stage of the competition.
The winner team is expected to test out its pod designs on a subscale Hyperloop test track. The BBC Science Focus magazine also reports that test runs are expected to begin in two years.
Source: BBC Science Focus, Issue 285, September 2015, Fortune, Tech Insider, Wired
3. Internet for everyone
According to The Washington Post, Elon Musk is waiting for government approval to send 4,000 small satellites into low-Earth orbit. The satellites are designed to beam a high-speed signal to everyone on the planet, including remote regions where people do not already have internet access.
The filing, made with the Federal Communications Commission in May, proposes tests starting next year, and Musk hopes the service could be up and running in a few years.
Source: BBC Science Focus, Issue 285, September 2015, The Washington Post
4. Self-driving semitrailers
Daimler
Daimler’s autonomous truck.
The luxury-car company Mercedes-Benz and the automated-vehicle technology company Peloton are looking to bring driverless cargo trucks to the road sooner rather than later.
"Computers don’t get tired and don’t need comfort breaks," as the BBC Science Focus notes.
Driverless trucks will also be cheaper, as the smoother run will mean less fuel will be needed and the trucks can drive directly behind one another to minimize wind resistance.
Earlier this year, Daimler Trucks introduced the first self-driving semitrailer licensed to drive on public roads.
According to Dr. Wolfgang Bernhard, a board member at Daimler, the truck’s technology is still undergoing experiments, the Associated Press reports.
Source: BBC Science Focus, Issue 285, September 2015, Peloton Technology, Associated Press
6. Portable water-treatment systems
According to the UN, over 780 million people in the world do not have access to clean water, and over 2 billion people do not have access to adequate sanitation.
In an attempt to remedy the situation, researchers in England have developed a portable water-treatment system.
"The first stage of our project has resulted in the capacity to produce 2 cubic meters of drinking water in a 12-day period," said professor Darren Reynolds, who is leading the research team.
"This may not seem like a huge amount, but put into context, humans need a minimum of 2 liters of drinking water a day, which is less than 1 cubic meter a year."
Source: BBC Science Focus, Issue 285, September 2015, UWE News, UN Water
