Khazen Family History and path to
Cheikh Malek Fady el Khazen (born in 1981) founder of khazen.org descendant of Chidiac Sarkis el Khazen (born in 1570) who is the common ancestor of most of the current members of the el khazen family has participated in the Genographic project by taking a sample of his DNA and sent it for test results to the labs of the scientist Spencer Wells lab. The result of this test is very important since it traces the paternal history (through 50 thousands years ago) of the majority of the members of the Khazen family. The results will be the exact same for every member of the Khazen family descendant of Chidiac Sarkis el Khazen (born in 1570) which is most of the khazen family.
Cheikh Malek Fady el Khazen has tested his Y chromosome, which is passed down from father to son and reveals the Khazen direct paternal ancestry up to 50 0000 years ago, therefore the Y chromosome will give the exact same result to all the Khazen Family members. In fact, the Y does not have a matching chromosome most of it (the non-recombining region) escapes the shuffling process known as recombination (between male and female) that occurs every generation in the rest of our genome. This allows the Y to be passed down through a purely male line changed only by random mutation line. In this test Cheikh Malek Fady el Khazen analyzed the Y chromosome which is a purely male line therefore a purely khazen descent.The results reveal our deep ancestry along our single paternal line of direct descent (and show the migration paths they followed thousands of years ago. The results will also place us on a particular branch of the human family tree. These results have confirmed our expectations of our history. This scientific study is first divided in a history and information of the geographic project and the second part describes in detail the DNA results of the el Khazen family and analysis.
Please Click Read more to view results of the DNA test by the Khazen family and their history and information about the project
Shuffling the Deck DNA and analysis of khazen descent:
For most of our genome we receive half of our genes from our father and half from our mother. Each half represent a shuffled combination of DNA passed down to us from our ancestors. This recombination process makes it difficult to study lines of descent. It creates a genetic mix of everyone who has come before. Fortunately for anthropological genetics there are parts of the genome that are passed down from unshuffled from parent to child. In these segments the genetic code is varied only through occasional mutations. Random spelling mistakes in the long sequence of letter that make up our DNA. When these mutations are passed down from generations they become markers of descent.
The Y chromosome is the sex determining chromosome in humans. While all others are found in matching pairs. It is the mismatch of the Y with its partner the X partner that determines the gender. Men have a mismatch pair (Y and X) while women have 2 chromosone (X chromosomes) Because the Y does not have a matching chromosome most of it (the non-recombining region) escapes the shuffling process known as recombination that occurs every generation in the rest of our genome. This allows the Y to be passed down through a purely male line changed only by random mutation line. In this test Cheikh Malek Fady el Khazen analyzed the Y chromosome which is a purely male line therefore a purely khazen descent. The Y chromosome traces the male history back through history. (for more information please read the following https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/overview.html)
About the Project:
The fossil record fixes human origins in
Such questions are even more amazing in light of genetic evidence that we are all related�descended from a common African ancestor who lived only 60,000 years ago.
Though eons have passed, the full story remains clearly written in our genes�if only we can read it. With your help, we can.
When DNA is passed from one generation to the next, most of it is recombined by the processes that give each of us our individuality.
But some parts of the DNA chain remain largely intact through the generations, altered only occasionally by mutations which become "genetic markers." These markers allow geneticists like Spencer Wells to trace our common evolutionary timeline back through the ages.
"The greatest history book ever written," Wells says, "is the one hidden in our DNA."
Different populations carry distinct markers. Following them through the generations reveals a genetic tree on which today’s many diverse branches may be followed ever backward to their common African root.
Our genes allow us to chart the ancient human migrations from
But to fully complete the picture we must greatly expand the pool of genetic samples available from around the world. Time is short.
In a shrinking world, mixing populations are scrambling genetic signals. The key to this puzzle is acquiring genetic samples from the world’s remaining indigenous and traditional peoples whose ethnic and genetic identities are isolated.
Khazen DNA results and history:
Type: Y-Chromosome
Haplogroup: J2 (M172)
Your STRs
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DYS393: 12
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DYS439: 12
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DYS388: 15
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DYS385a: 14
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DYS19: 16
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DYS389-1: 12
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DYS390: 24
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DYS385b: 18
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DYS391: 11
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DYS389-2: 16
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DYS426: 11
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DYS392: 11
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How to Interpret Your Results
Above are results from the laboratory analysis of your Y-chromosome. Your DNA was analyzed for Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), which are repeating segments of your genome that have a high mutation rate. The location on the Y chromosome of each of these markers is depicted in the image, with the number of repeats for each of your STRs presented to the right of the marker. For example, DYS19 is a repeat of TAGA, so if your DNA repeated that sequence 12 times at that location, it would appear: DYS19 12. Studying the combination of these STR lengths in your Y Chromosome allows researchers to place you in a haplogroup, which reveals the complex migratory journeys of your ancestors. Y-SNP: In the event that the analysis of your STRs was inconclusive, your Y chromosome was also tested for the presence of an informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). These are mutational changes in a single nucleotide base, and allow researchers to definitively place you in a genetic haplogroup.
Your Y-chromosome results identify you as a member of haplogroup J2.
The genetic markers that define your ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow your lineage to present day, ending with M172, the defining marker of haplogroup J2.
If you look at the map highlighting your ancestors’ route, you will see that members of haplogroup J2 carry the following Y-chromosome markers:
M168 > M89 > M304 > M172
Today, descendants of this line appear in the highest frequencies in the
What’s a haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y-chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, what’s a marker?
Each of us carries DNA that is a combination of genes passed from both our mother and father, giving us traits that range from eye color and height to athleticism and disease susceptibility. One exception is the Y-chromosome, which is passed directly from father to son, unchanged, from generation to generation.
Unchanged, that is unless a mutation�a random, naturally occurring, usually harmless change�occurs. The mutation, known as a marker, acts as a beacon; it can be mapped through generations because it will be passed down from the man in whom it occurred to his sons, their sons, and every male in his family for thousands of years.
In some instances there may be more than one mutational event that defines a particular branch on the tree. What this means is that any of these markers can be used to determine your particular haplogroup, since every individual who has one of these markers also has the others.
When geneticists identify such a marker, they try to figure out when it first occurred, and in which geographic region of the world. Each marker is essentially the beginning of a new lineage on the family tree of the human race. Tracking the lineages provides a picture of how small tribes of modern humans in
A haplogroup is defined by a series of markers that are shared by other men who carry the same random mutations. The markers trace the path your ancestors took as they moved out of
One of the goals of the five-year Genographic Project is to build a large enough database of anthropological genetic data to answer some of these questions. To achieve this, project team members are traveling to all corners of the world to collect more than 100,000 DNA samples from indigenous populations. In addition, we encourage you to contribute your anonymous results to the project database, helping our geneticists reveal more of the answers to our ancient past.
Keep checking these pages; as more information is received, more may be learned about your own genetic history.
Your Ancestral Journey: What We Know Now
M168: Your Earliest Ancestor
Fast Facts
Time of Emergence: Roughly 50,000 years ago
Place of Origin:
Climate: Temporary retreat of Ice Age;
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: Approximately 10,000
Tools and Skills: Stone tools; earliest evidence of art and advanced conceptual skills
Skeletal and archaeological evidence suggest that anatomically modern humans evolved in
The man who gave rise to the first genetic marker in your lineage probably lived in northeast Africa in the region of the Rift Valley, perhaps in present-day Ethiopia, Kenya, or Tanzania, some 31,000 to 79,000 years ago. Scientists put the most likely date for when he lived at around 50,000 years ago. His descendants became the only lineage to survive outside of
But why would man have first ventured out of the familiar African hunting grounds and into unexplored lands? It is likely that a fluctuation in climate may have provided the impetus for your ancestors’ exodus out of
The African ice age was characterized by drought rather than by cold. It was around 50,000 years ago that the ice sheets of northern
In addition to a favorable change in climate, around this same time there was a great leap forward in modern humans’ intellectual capacity. Many scientists believe that the emergence of language gave us a huge advantage over other early human species. Improved tools and weapons, the ability to plan ahead and cooperate with one another, and an increased capacity to exploit resources in ways we hadn’t been able to earlier, all allowed modern humans to rapidly migrate to new territories, exploit new resources, and replace other hominids.
M89: Moving Through the
Fast Facts
Time of Emergence: 45,000 years ago
Place:
Climate: Middle East: Semi-arid grass plains
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: Tens of thousands
Tools and Skills: Stone, ivory, wood tools
The next male ancestor in your ancestral lineage is the man who gave rise to M89, a marker found in 90 to 95 percent of all non-Africans. This man was born around 45,000 years ago in northern
The first people to leave
Beginning about 40,000 years ago, the climate shifted once again and became colder and more arid. Drought hit
While many of the descendants of M89 remained in the
These semi-arid grass-covered plains formed an ancient "superhighway" stretching from eastern
M304: The Spread of Agriculture
Fast Facts
Time of Emergence:15,000 to 10,000 years ago
Place of origin:
Climate: Ice Age ending
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: Millions
Language: Unknown�earliest evidence of modern language families
Tools and Skills: Neolithic Revolution
The patriarch of haplogroup J2 was a descendant of the M89 Middle Eastern Clan. He was born between 15,000 to 10,000 years ago in the
The descendants of this man played a crucial role in modern human development. They pioneered the first Neolithic Revolution, the point at which humans changed from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agriculturists. The end of the last ice age around 10,000 years ago, and the subsequent shift in climate to one more conducive to plant production, probably helped spur the discovery of how to grow food.
Control over their food supply marks a major turning point for the human species: the beginning of civilization. Occupying a single territory required more complex social organization, moving from the kinship ties of a small tribe to the more elaborate relations of a larger community. It spurred trade, writing, and calendars, and pioneered the rise of modern sedentary communities and cities.
The M304 marker appears at its highest frequencies in the
An important subgroup of haplogroup J includes the descendants of another man from the M89 Middle Eastern Clan born in the
The early farming successes of these lineages spawned population booms and encouraged migration throughout much of the Mediterranean world.
M172: Toward the
Fast Facts
Time of Emergence: 10,000 years ago
Place of Origin:
Climate: Ice Age ending
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: A few million
Language: Unknown
Tools and Skills: Neolithic
Your ancestors left a physical footprint that matches their genetic journey. Artifacts from ancient towns such as
The M172 marker defines a major subset of haplogroup J, which arose from the M89 lineage. It is found today in
This is where your genetic trail, as we know it today ends. However, be sure to revisit these pages. As additional data are collected and analyzed, more will be learned about your place in the history of the men and women who first populated the Earth. We will be updating these stories throughout the life of the project.
