Khazen

Tension runs high in northern Lebanon

TRIPOLI, Lebanon (AFP) – Tension ran high in north Lebanon’s capital of Tripoli on Sunday even as the army was deployed in force a day after a man died in an apartment block explosion.  A security official told AFP that a tobacco shop run by an Alawite was set ablaze in the mainly Sunni district of Bab al-Tebbaneh, the scene of Saturday’s blast in which 20 people were also wounded and several homes damaged. Civil defence workers put out the fire before it could spread to other businesses, the official said, declining to be named. The latest incident took place despite the deployment over the past week of army and interior ministry forces in the port city since deadly clashes between Sunnis and members of the Alawite community, an offshoot of Shiite Islam.

Armoured vehicles were posted at entrances to Bab al-Tebbaneh and two other densely populated districts, Jabal Mohsen and Al-Qobbe, where nine people were killed in sectarian clashes on June 22 and 23. It was still not publicly known on Sunday what caused Saturday’s explosion which killed a local resident with no known political affiliation. Almost 500 people went to the victim’s funeral which was also attended by dozens of armed militants, some wearing black headbands and chanting Koranic verses in praise of martyrdom. Lebanon’s Sunni mufti, Mohammed Rashid Qabbani, condemned the explosion as a "criminal act aimed at spreading sedition," and urged all politicians to help Prime Minister Fuad Siniora in his protracted efforts to form a new government. Residents of Bab al-Tebbaneh who support the Western-backed majority in parliament have clashed repeatedly with Alawites in the nearby Jabal Mohsen district who backs hizbollah. Later on Saturday, three grenades exploded in Bab al-Tebbaneh over a half-hour period but no one was injured and no buildings were damaged, security officials said.

And two men were wounded on Friday night in Tripoli when a grenade went off, an army spokesman said, adding that one lost a leg in the blast. The Tripoli clashes have raised fears of a nationwide security breakdown amid protracted efforts by Siniora to form a national unity cabinet since a Qatari-brokered deal in May to end an 18-month political crisis. Rival factions continue to bicker over the distribution of key portfolios in a new 30-member government. The deal was struck after at least 65 people were killed in May in sectarian clashes that saw Hezbollah stage a spectacular takeover of mainly Sunni areas of west Beirut.

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Lebanon’s oil slick cleaned but headache continues

BEIRUT (AFP) – Two years after the worst oil spill in the east Mediterranean left thousands of tonnes of crude over three-quarters of Lebanon’s coast, the beaches are almost all clean but the troubles continue.  In July 2006, in the midst of the month-long war between Israel and Lebanon’s Shiite Hezbollah fighters, Israeli aircraft bombed a coastal power plant at Jiyeh, 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Beirut.Around 15,000 tonnes of oil flooded into the sea and was carried by the current, leaving 150 kilometres (95 miles) of coastline covered with thick black residue.

The once glitzy tourist beaches were covered with a film of filthy discharge and the breathtaking azure sea left blackened with oily deposits. Now after two years’ work dedicated to it, the Mediterranean has recovered its blue and the white sandy beaches are back to their sparkling former glory. Only the Jozor al-Nakhel, or Palm Tree Island, nature reserve, west of the northern town of Tripoli is still being cleaned. But the impact of the spill remains a headache for Lebanon. At Jiyeh beach, more than 800 tonnes of oil-covered rocks and sand sit it huge heavy-duty plastic bags, only metres (yards) from the water’s edge waiting for someone to work out how to get rid of them.

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Lebanese spiritual summit yields joint call for peace

President General Michel Suleiman spoke at a meeting of Lebanon’s top 15 Christian and Muslim religious leaders, who convened at the presidential palace after two days of sectarian clashes in the northern city of Tripoli left eight people dead and 40 wounded. Suleiman said the country’s political and religious leaders must find a starting point to solve the crisis and heal the wounds. It was not immediately clear whether the Tripoli clashes

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Vatican delegation beatifies Lebanese priest

Daily Star – BEIRUT: Miraculous, perhaps. Tens of thousands of Lebanese gathered in Martyrs Square in Downtown Beirut on Sunday to witness the beatification of Yaaqoub Haddad, the late Capuchin priest who gained fame for his prolific work in founding an order of nuns, expanding the Capuchin school network and conceiving or establishing a number of religious and social institutions, some of which have gained iconic status in Lebanon.  Haddad, who died more than 50 years ago, took a step toward sainthood in the first beatification ever to take place outside the Vatican – and people flocked to the capital to observe the ceremony.

The service itself was presided over by a representative of Pope Benedict XVI, and the head of the Vatican’s office for sainthood, Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins, in tandem with Maronite Patriarch Nasrallah Butros Sfeir.  Attended by a litany of Eastern Christian prelates, other clerics, international envoys and local political figures, the event also included the Lebanese political troika of President Michel Sleiman, Speaker Nabih Berri and Prime Minister Fouad Siniora.  Thunderous applause greeted Sleiman as he arrived minutes before the Mass, and ovations were repeated many times during the ceremony, which bestowed one of the highest honors in the Christian tradition upon a Lebanese priest mere meters away from an Ottoman-era mosque in the heart of the capital. Indeed, while respectful or appreciative clapping often arose, the loudest rounds of applause came after "the nation" or the "Lebanese cedars" were mentioned in one context or another.  A procession of the cross was held before Western Catholic – Latinized – renditions of Syriac and Arabic Christian chants held the massive gathering rapt. As Cardinal Martins read out a message from the pope, "hoping that this beatification will lift Father Yaaqoub of Ghazir as a happy servant of the Lord," a white veil cloaking a portrait of the late priest was lifted, symbolizing recognition of Haddad’s beatification.

"The righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their father," the Maronite patriarch said as he took the pulpit, evoking reverent silence through the assembled thousands. "The hope of so many Lebanese was realized today – that hope was the raising of Father Yaaqoub’s portrait above the altar of the Catholic Church."  Sfeir then outlined how Haddad "passed through the narrow door leading to sainthood," attributing the priest’s ability to walk "the difficult road of a saintly life to three virtuous practices: surrender to the will of God, Christian modesty and the work of mercy."  "Father Yaaqoub would say that ‘All God has given me belongs to Him and the poor of Lebanon," added Sfeir, in reference to his first point regarding the late pastor. "He built hospitals, schools and took care of the sick, yet he was a man of simple means – Father Yaaqoub put his trust in the grace of God."  Sfeir, describing the four "pillars of modesty" that characterized Haddad’s life, again quoted the priest, saying: "Do not bestow virtue upon yourself that is not present within you; credit the Lord for that which is good in us; do not praise yourself in the presence of others; and do not count the shortcomings of those close to you in order to raise yourself."

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Four dead in north Lebanon clashes

by Omar Ibrahim, TRIPOLI, Lebanon (AFP) – Four people were killed and at least 33 others wounded in north Lebanon on Sunday in clashes between armed opponents and supporters of the parliamentary majority, security officials said. After a lull of several hours, the two sides traded fire with Kalashnikov assault rifles and rockets in the Bab al-Tebbaneh and Jabal Mohsen districts of Tripoli, said an AFP correspondent in the port city. A security official said Hassan Khalil and Ibrahim Sleiman Ibrahim were killed in Jabal Mohsen, adding to the casualty toll of two dead and 33 wounded in earlier clashes. Also among the dead, policeman Samer Rashid was hit by a stray bullet inside his home in the Al-Qobbe district of Tripoli, security officials said. Another man, Bourhane al-Khatib, died after being hit by a bullet in the heart during clashes at Jabal Mohsen, said a medic after the 22-year-old was taken to a hospital in the nearby Palestinian refugee camp of Beddawi.

According to security officials, many of those wounded were caught in the crossfire and hit by stray bullets while inside their homes. Calm had been restored in the afternoon as representatives of the feuding parties met in Tripoli and agreed on the Lebanese army taking charge of security and for gunmen to keep off the streets, said a participant.  Before the fighting resumed, Education Minister Khaled Kabbani said end-of-year exams would take place as scheduled in Tripoli’s schools on Monday. The fighting initially broke out at 4:15 am (0115 GMT) in Bab al-Tabbaneh and Jabal Mohsen, both northern districts of Tripoli, a security official told AFP. He said pro-majority Sunni militants fought with a group of Alawites, a dissident branch of Shiism which however supports the Shiite opposition movement Hezbollah. The fighting spread to Al-Qobbe in eastern Tripoli.

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Israeli offer of peace talks is all for show – local analysts

By Michael Bluhm, BEIRUT: Israel’s Wednesday offer of direct peace talks with Lebanon amounts to little more than a ploy in domestic Israeli politics and a sop to US interests in the region without any hope for success, a number of analysts told The Daily Star. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has undertaken a flurry of diplomatic activity recently, with the disclosure last month of indirect Israeli-Syrian negotiations brokered by Turkey and the announcement on Tuesday of a six-month cease-fire with Hamas in Gaza, but his approval ratings have been at historic lows since Israel’s debacle in the summer 2006 war here. Olmert’s political epitaph may well have been written by the court testimony last month of an American businessman who said he loaded Olmert with cash-stuffed envelopes totaling more than $150,000 when the prime minister was mayor of Occupied Jerusalem.  With Olmert’s political fortunes nearly bankrupt, Wednesday’s invitation for direct talks with Lebanon aims partly to deflect attention from his domestic difficulties, said political analyst Simon Haddad.

"First of all, it’s something that has to do with Israeli internal politics," Haddad said. "Olmert is in a difficult situation. He’s trying to cover for his failure by having [peace talks] with Syria and Lebanon, knowing in advance that nothing will result from these talks." By extending his hand to Lebanon – and Syria – Olmert is angling to keep himself relevant by scoring points at home and with his United States allies by showing his ostensible engagement for peace, said Oussama Safa, executive director of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies.  "The Israelis are benefiting from what is happening with Syria through Turkey," Safa said. "They’re good points for the Olmert government. They are taking advantage of this … to throw the ball in Lebanon’s lap." In addition, Olmert is endeavoring as well to burnish his credentials as premier before the bribery scandal possibly brings him down, Safa added.  "He’s trying to stay afloat a little bit," Safa said. "The scandal has really dragged Olmert beyond repair. He’s been a lame duck since the 2006 war."  Wednesday’s move also could represent an Israeli bow to US wishes to help out Prime Minister-designate Fouad Siniora, whose March 14 coalition has been a favorite of the administration of US President George W. Bush, said Fadia Kiwan, director of the school of political science at St. Joseph University.

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Three dead in Lebanon clashes

by Hassan Jarrah   SAADNAYEL, Lebanon (AFP) – Three people were killed in armed clashes between supporters of Lebanon’s rival factions in the Bekaa Valley overnight, the deadliest fighting since a political deal reached last month. Three people were killed and four wounded in the fighting," a security official told AFP. An AFP correspondent in the Bekaa area of eastern Lebanon said machine-gun fire, mortars and rocket-propelled grenades could be heard from midnight on Monday and continued sporadically until dawn.

Two of the victims died in a drive-by shooting thought to have sparked the clashes in the villages of Saadnayel and Taalbaya in the largely Shiite area, medical and security officials said. "There was an exchange of fire in mixed (Sunni-Shiite) areas. We sent in a large force and the situation is now under control," an army official told AFP. The toll was the highest since rival factions reached a deal in Doha last month aimed at ending a tense 18-month political crisis which drove it to the brink of civil war.

Saadnayel and Taalbaya were also the scene of fighting earlier this month between supporters of the pro-government  and anti-government.  There was little traffic in the area on Tuesday and most stores remained shut, with residents fearing the fighting might resume, an AFP correspondent said. Meanwhile, Sleiman is to host a meeting next Tuesday of Lebanon’s highest ranking clergymen from all sects in an effort to "encourage national reconciliation," an official from the presidential palace said.

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Lebanese bounce back despite doubts

By Mike Sergeant,  They call it the "miracle of Lebanon" – the ability of this country to bounce back after a devastating war or political crisis.  Only last month, violence erupted on the streets of Beirut. Lebanon seemed to be bracing for another civil war.  But within weeks of a peace deal being signed in Doha, a president has finally been elected and tourists are returning to the Lebanese capital.  Once again, the evenings are filled with the sound of young people having fun and music blaring from Beirut’s numerous bars and cafes.  In some countries, it would take years for confidence and optimism to return after such a period of intense uncertainty. Not here.  The Lebanese take huge pride in their ability to be crying one minute, and laughing the next.

"The mood is good," says one man in a bright pink T-Shirt. "There is peace and love here between people." A visitor from Kuwait tells me: "Nothing is miserable over here. It’s a peaceful and beautiful place. It’s coming back to life very quickly. In fact it’s back already."  The Corniche – Beirut’s famous seaside promenade – has already returned to its former vibrancy.  Fisherman perch on the rocks, young boys jump into the sea, men sit smoking their water pipes, little children toddle and run around, and youths on roller skates perform their stunts.  "It’s very nice. The atmosphere feels safer now," one woman tells me.  "You enjoy going out because you feel relaxed. I am very optimistic about the future."

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Rice visits Lebanon to bolster new president

BEIRUT (AFP) – US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice made an unannounced visit to  Lebanon on Monday to bolster the troubled country’s new president, as rival politicians still struggle to form a new government.  Rice said she made her lightning trip to "express the United States’ support for Lebanese democracy, for Lebanese sovereignty." After talks with parliament speaker and opposition stalwart Nabih Berri, Rice said that she hoped the disputes over nominations for the key defence, interior, finance and foreign affairs portfolios which have delayed the new cabinet’s formation would be swiftly resolved. "We hope that the composition of the government proceeds and proceeds rapidly," she said.

Earlier she met Sleiman and told him Washington was very supportive of his presidency, describing him as a "very fine man." She also met Prime Minister Fuad Siniora and parliamentary majority leader Saad Hariri. "We talked of … the United States’ commitment to a Lebanon that is truly sovereign and independent where foreign interference and foreign intimidation should never be permitted," she said after that meeting. She rejected accusations of US interference in Lebanese politics saying: "We support the democratically elected government of Lebanon, that is what we support." Rice, who was in Beirut after a two-day visit to Israel and the occupied West Bank, rejected charges that the Doha deal was a slap in the face for US policy in the region as it had given the Iran- and Syrian-backed opposition veto power over government decisions. "Obviously in any compromise there are compromises," she said. "But this was an agreement that I think serves the interest of the Lebanese people and since it serves the interest of the Lebanese people, it serves the interest of the United States."

The top US diplomat called for UN action on the disputed Shebaa Farms, a district that remains occupied by Israel but  "The United States believes that the time has come to deal with the Shebaa Farms issue… in accordance with (UN Security Council Resolution) 1701," Rice said after discussing the issue with the Western-backed premier. She told reporters Washington intends to press Ban to "lend his good offices" to resolve the dispute over sovereignty over the district at the meeting place of the borders between Israel, Lebanon and Syria. "The secretary general should intensify his efforts," she said. Resolution 1701 brought an end to a devastating 33-day war between Israel and Hezbollah in summer 2006 and called for the UN secretary general to propose a border demarcation for the Shebaa Farms.

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MP Farid Elias el Khazen

المؤتمر الوطني من اجل قانون انتخاب على قياس الوطن

11/6/2008

النائب فريد الخازن 

في العقدين الاخيرين, ما من فكرة او رأي او موقف مرتبط بقانون الانتخاب ان بالنسبة الى حجم الدائرة الانتخابية او نظام الاقتراع الا وطرح في دراسات وندوات, لا بل ان النقاش حول قانون الانتخاب كان من اغنى النقاشات السياسية التي عرفها لبنان واكثرها دقة وشمولية, وتميز بمشاركة هيئات المجتمع المدني والخبراء والسياسيين. 

تشكل الدوائر الانتخابية الجانب الاهم في قانون الانتخاب لانها الاكثر ارتباطا بتكوين السلطة. في مرحلة ما قبل الحرب, لم يثبت قانون الانتخاب الا في العام 1960, اي في الانتخابات النيابية السادسة بعد الاستقلال وعلى اثر ازمة 1958. وثَبُت القانون على اساس دوائر انتخابية تعتمد القضاء مع بعض الاستثناءات. والواقع ان للقضاء في لبنان شخصية تاريخية وسياسية وعصبية مناطقية, ذلك ان الانتماء المناطقي هو بالدرجة الاولى الى البلدة او القرية والى القضاء. ويعود اعتماد القضاء كدائرة انتخابية الى مرحلة ما قبل الدولة في زمن المتصرفية, وتحديدا منذ العام 1864, بعد ادخال تعديلات على بروتوكول 1861, والاقضية شملت آنذاك زحلة, جزين, الشوف, المتن, كسروان, الكوره والبترون.  

لا تكمن اهمية قانون 1960 فقط في توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية بل ايضا في ثباته وفي مراعاته لقاعدة اللاغالب واللامغلوب بعد ازمة 1958, خلافا للقوانين الانتخابية السابقة التي وضعت لاغراض سياسية لاسيما في عهد الرئيس شمعون. كما ان قانون 1960 ساهم في تعزيز التنافس السياسي داخل الطوائف وبين القوى السياسية, الحزبية وغير الحزبية. فالاداء الانتخابي في لبنان ما قبل الحرب شهد تطورا وتحسنا على المستويات كافة, الى ان وصلنا الى انتخابات 1972, وهي الاخيرة قبل اندلاع الحرب, فكانت الاكثر نزاهة والاكثر تنافسا والاكثر حيادا من قبل السلطة, بالمقارنة مع الانتخابات السابقة. هذا فضلا عن ان الترابط كان قائما بين الانتخابات النيابية والانتخابات الرئاسية في اطار ما كان يعرف بالعهد الرئاسي بأركانه الثلاثة: رئيس الجمهورية, رئيس مجلس النواب ورئيس الحكومة, وهذا ما افتقده النظام السياسي في مرحلة ما بعد الحرب. 

اعترى النظام السياسي اللبناني شوائب عديدة, الا انه كان الاكثر انفتاحا وحرية وديمقراطية من الانظمة السياسية في بلدان الجوار العربي, حيث قوانين الانتخاب والانتخابات والقرار السياسي من صنع السلطة التي لا ينافسها احد. وجاءت الحرب في لبنان لتقضي على الرابط بين الحياة السياسية والمجتمع ولتعسكر السياسة بكل تفاصيلها. اما الانتخابات النيابية الاولى بعد الحرب في 1992 فسجلت انقلابا في الممارسة السياسية عبر فرض القانون وتوقيت الانتخابات, اضافة الى نتائجها المعروفة سلفا. وجاءت الانتخابات النيابية من 1992 الى 2000 في زمن الوصاية لتلبي وظائف تشبه وظائف الانتخابات في الانظمة السلطوية عبر ادارة مركزية للانتخابات, وكانها استحقاق اداري لا بد منه اما لمعاقبة هذا الطرف السياسي او لمكافأة ذاك. 

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