حِيادُ لبنان الدائم استكمالٌ للاعترافِ به وطناً نهائياً

سجعان قزي

رسالةُ لبنان تُحتِّمُ عليه الانحيازَ، إنه وطنُ القلب. ومَوقِعُه يُحتِّم عليه الحيادَ، إنه في قلبِ الأزَمات. والمعادلاتُ الإبداعيّةُ في العِلمِ والفلسفةِ، وحتى في السياسةِ، غَالباً ما تنشأُ مِن مَزْجِ التناقضاتِ أكثر من جَمْعِ المتَشابِهات. أنّى للبنانَ إذَن أنْ يُوَفِّقَ بين رسالتِه التاريخيّةِ ومَوقعِه الجيوسياسي، وبين فِطرةِ الانحيازِ وحِكمةِ الحياد؟

مبدأُ الحيادِ لجأَت إليه الشعوبُ بسببِ هزيمةٍ عسكريّةٍ كالنَمسا، أو بسببِ حروبٍ داخليّةٍ كسويسرا، أو بسببِ جِوارِ دولةٍ كبرى تَوسُّعيّةٍ كفِنلندا، وغالباً للأسبابِ الثلاثةِ معاً. بفضلِ حِيادٍ مُتفاوِتِ المستويات، تَفادَت هذه الدولُ الثلاث شَبحَ التقسيمِ أو الضّمِّ إلى دولٍ أخرى. كلُّ هذه الحالاتِ، لاسيّما خطر التقسيمِ، قائمةٌ في لبنان وتَحُثُّنا على التفكيرِ في ما إذا كان الحيادُ مناسِباً للبنان.

تشخيصُ المعضِلة

كلبنانيين، قد نَختلِف على قضايا عديدةٍ، لكنّنا نتّفِق عموماً على أنَّ أزَماتِنا وحروبَنا نَشبَت نتيجةَ خِلافاتِنا الطائفيّةِ والمذهبيّةِ، ووجودِنا في جِوارِ دولٍ أو أنظمةٍ طامِعةٍ بأرضِنا، وانحيازِنا ـ عقائديّاً ونِضاليّاً وعسكريّاً ـ إلى صراعاتِ المحيطَين العربيِّ والإسلاميِّ وحتى الدوَليِّ. والمُصيبةُ الأعظم، أنَّ هذه العناصرَ الثلاثة حالَت أيضاً دونَ اتفاقِنا على قواعدَ متينةٍ لِحَلٍّ دائمٍ للأزَماتِ والحروب، فاكتفَينا، على مَضَضٍ، بتسوياتٍ سطحيّةٍ، اعتباطيةٍ ومؤَقّتةٍ، من حناياها فاحَت روائحُ الغَلَبةِ والغُبنِ، وفي طيّاتِها حَمَلت بُذورَ فِتنٍ لاحِقة.

By James Farha, Daily Star
BEIRUT: Beirut may lack a proper art museum where people can trace the history of Lebanese art, and particularly the tradition of Lebanese painting from the 19th-century through the present, but an exhibition on view at the Villa Audi in Achrafieh through June 29 offers a specific glimpse of what such an institution could be. Businessman Raymond Audi, one of Lebanon’s most active arts patrons, has gathered together the privately held works of French modernist painter Georges Cyr for a two-month exhibition entitled "Georges Cyr dans les collections libanaises." The exhibition includes examples of Cyr’s work from many stages in his artistic life, but it focuses on the art he produced after he moved to Beirut from Normandy in 1934.

Cyr represents two important traditions in the history of art in Lebanon," says Sarah Rogers, an art historian and PhD candidate in the history, theory and criticism of art and architecture program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Rogers is particularly knowledgeable on Lebanese art history and has taught in the department of visual art at Notre Dame Universityin Zouk Mosbeh. "First is the cultural crossroads that have long given form to art in Lebanon; the French Mandate opened the country more to all things French, and because of the legacy of the laissez-faire economy put into place by the mandate, Beirut’s role as a locus for the trafficking of goods and services, and artists, only further developed post-1943," adds Rogers.

BBC, Lebanese troops said they had largely defeated Islamist rebels in a northern refugee camp, but continued their siege amid sporadic shelling and gunfire. Officials said the gunfire came from mopping up operations, and explosions were booby traps being destroyed. Leaders of Fatah al-Islam at the Nahr al-Bared camp were on the run, Defence Minister Elias Murr said on Thursday. A month of fighting has left 170 people dead, in Lebanon’s worst internal violence since the 1975-90 civil war. Some correspondents said parts of the old camp – densely populated areas packed with long-term Palestinian refugees – were still outside the army’s control. The so-called new camp, where gunfire has been focused, is now a devastated wasteland of shattered concrete. Mr Murr had told Lebanese TV that the army had "crushed those terrorists". "What is happening now is some clean-up that the army’s heroes are carrying out, and dismantling some mines," he said

‘In hiding’ A group of Palestinian Muslim clerics that tried to mediate during the clashes said Fatah al-Islam had declared a ceasefire. One of the clerics, Sheik Mohammed Haj, told Associated Press news agency that the militants would "comply with the Lebanese army’s decision to end military operations".

By HUSSEIN DAKROUB, Associated Press Writer, BEIRUT, Lebanon Jun 18 – Fierce fighting erupted Monday at a besieged Palestinian refugee camp as Lebanese troops resumed bombardment of al-Qaida-inspired militants barricaded inside. Three Lebanese soldiers were killed, a senior military official said.

Troops, backed by heavy artillery and tank fire, blasted suspected hideouts of the Fatah Islam militants inside the Nahr el-Bared camp on the outskirts of the northern port city of Tripoli, as the battle against the militants entered its fifth week, witnesses said.The intense bombardment sent thick black and white smoke billowing into the air and started fires in several shell-punctured buildings in the camp. The senior military official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not allowed to make official statements, declined to give details on how the three soldiers were killed. The official also said an undetermined number of soldiers were wounded. Meanwhile in southern Lebanon, an explosion killed two people at Ein el-Hilweh, Lebanon’s largest Palestinian camp, as members of another Islamic militant group tried to prepare a bomb, Lebanese security officials said.

In Sunday’s clashes, troops entirely destroyed the militants’ main headquarters located on the edge of the camp, according to the state-run National News Agency. But the whereabouts of Fatah Islam leader Shaker Youssef al-Absi and his top aides remain unknown.After inspecting troops deployed around the Nahr el-Bared camp, Lebanese Army Commander Gen. Michel Suleiman said Sunday that the decision to eliminate the Fatah Islam militants was "final and irreversible."