BEIRUT (AFP) - US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice made an unannounced visit to  Lebanon on Monday to bolster the troubled country's new president, as rival politicians still struggle to form a new government.  Rice said she made her lightning trip to "express the United States' support for Lebanese democracy, for Lebanese sovereignty." After talks with parliament speaker and opposition stalwart Nabih Berri, Rice said that she hoped the disputes over nominations for the key defence, interior, finance and foreign affairs portfolios which have delayed the new cabinet's formation would be swiftly resolved. "We hope that the composition of the government proceeds and proceeds rapidly," she said.

Earlier she met Sleiman and told him Washington was very supportive of his presidency, describing him as a "very fine man." She also met Prime Minister Fuad Siniora and parliamentary majority leader Saad Hariri. "We talked of ... the United States' commitment to a Lebanon that is truly sovereign and independent where foreign interference and foreign intimidation should never be permitted," she said after that meeting. She rejected accusations of US interference in Lebanese politics saying: "We support the democratically elected government of Lebanon, that is what we support." Rice, who was in Beirut after a two-day visit to Israel and the occupied West Bank, rejected charges that the Doha deal was a slap in the face for US policy in the region as it had given the Iran- and Syrian-backed opposition veto power over government decisions. "Obviously in any compromise there are compromises," she said. "But this was an agreement that I think serves the interest of the Lebanese people and since it serves the interest of the Lebanese people, it serves the interest of the United States."

The top US diplomat called for UN action on the disputed Shebaa Farms, a district that remains occupied by Israel but  "The United States believes that the time has come to deal with the Shebaa Farms issue... in accordance with (UN Security Council Resolution) 1701," Rice said after discussing the issue with the Western-backed premier. She told reporters Washington intends to press Ban to "lend his good offices" to resolve the dispute over sovereignty over the district at the meeting place of the borders between Israel, Lebanon and Syria. "The secretary general should intensify his efforts," she said. Resolution 1701 brought an end to a devastating 33-day war between Israel and Hezbollah in summer 2006 and called for the UN secretary general to propose a border demarcation for the Shebaa Farms.

المؤتمر الوطني من اجل قانون انتخاب على قياس الوطن

11/6/2008

النائب فريد الخازن 

في العقدين الاخيرين, ما من فكرة او رأي او موقف مرتبط بقانون الانتخاب ان بالنسبة الى حجم الدائرة الانتخابية او نظام الاقتراع الا وطرح في دراسات وندوات, لا بل ان النقاش حول قانون الانتخاب كان من اغنى النقاشات السياسية التي عرفها لبنان واكثرها دقة وشمولية, وتميز بمشاركة هيئات المجتمع المدني والخبراء والسياسيين. 

تشكل الدوائر الانتخابية الجانب الاهم في قانون الانتخاب لانها الاكثر ارتباطا بتكوين السلطة. في مرحلة ما قبل الحرب, لم يثبت قانون الانتخاب الا في العام 1960, اي في الانتخابات النيابية السادسة بعد الاستقلال وعلى اثر ازمة 1958. وثَبُت القانون على اساس دوائر انتخابية تعتمد القضاء مع بعض الاستثناءات. والواقع ان للقضاء في لبنان شخصية تاريخية وسياسية وعصبية مناطقية, ذلك ان الانتماء المناطقي هو بالدرجة الاولى الى البلدة او القرية والى القضاء. ويعود اعتماد القضاء كدائرة انتخابية الى مرحلة ما قبل الدولة في زمن المتصرفية, وتحديدا منذ العام 1864, بعد ادخال تعديلات على بروتوكول 1861, والاقضية شملت آنذاك زحلة, جزين, الشوف, المتن, كسروان, الكوره والبترون.  

لا تكمن اهمية قانون 1960 فقط في توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية بل ايضا في ثباته وفي مراعاته لقاعدة اللاغالب واللامغلوب بعد ازمة 1958, خلافا للقوانين الانتخابية السابقة التي وضعت لاغراض سياسية لاسيما في عهد الرئيس شمعون. كما ان قانون 1960 ساهم في تعزيز التنافس السياسي داخل الطوائف وبين القوى السياسية, الحزبية وغير الحزبية. فالاداء الانتخابي في لبنان ما قبل الحرب شهد تطورا وتحسنا على المستويات كافة, الى ان وصلنا الى انتخابات 1972, وهي الاخيرة قبل اندلاع الحرب, فكانت الاكثر نزاهة والاكثر تنافسا والاكثر حيادا من قبل السلطة, بالمقارنة مع الانتخابات السابقة. هذا فضلا عن ان الترابط كان قائما بين الانتخابات النيابية والانتخابات الرئاسية في اطار ما كان يعرف بالعهد الرئاسي بأركانه الثلاثة: رئيس الجمهورية, رئيس مجلس النواب ورئيس الحكومة, وهذا ما افتقده النظام السياسي في مرحلة ما بعد الحرب. 

اعترى النظام السياسي اللبناني شوائب عديدة, الا انه كان الاكثر انفتاحا وحرية وديمقراطية من الانظمة السياسية في بلدان الجوار العربي, حيث قوانين الانتخاب والانتخابات والقرار السياسي من صنع السلطة التي لا ينافسها احد. وجاءت الحرب في لبنان لتقضي على الرابط بين الحياة السياسية والمجتمع ولتعسكر السياسة بكل تفاصيلها. اما الانتخابات النيابية الاولى بعد الحرب في 1992 فسجلت انقلابا في الممارسة السياسية عبر فرض القانون وتوقيت الانتخابات, اضافة الى نتائجها المعروفة سلفا. وجاءت الانتخابات النيابية من 1992 الى 2000 في زمن الوصاية لتلبي وظائف تشبه وظائف الانتخابات في الانظمة السلطوية عبر ادارة مركزية للانتخابات, وكانها استحقاق اداري لا بد منه اما لمعاقبة هذا الطرف السياسي او لمكافأة ذاك. 

Lebanese author Rawi Hage has won the 100,000 euro ($165,000) International Dublin Literary Award, the world's richest prize for a work of fiction. Canadian-based Hage scooped the award for his book De Niro's Game, about best friends from childhood who have grown to adulthood in war-torn Beirut. His book describes the agonising choice they must make between staying in the city and consolidating power through crime; or going into exile abroad, alienated from the only existence they have known.

The judges described it as "an eloquent, forthright and at times beautifully written" first novel. "Ringing with insight and authenticity the novel shows how war can envelop lives - how one doesn't have much choice in such circumstances," said a statement from the judging panel, who chose it from a shortlist of eight books.

"It's a game where there are no winners, just degrees of survival. His unflinching gaze pours the blood-red sands of our moral dilemmas over every page. It's a wonderful debut and a deserving winner."Hage was born in Beirut and lived through nine years of civil war before emigrating to Canada. "I am a fortunate man," he said after he was presented with the award by Dublin's Lord Mayor Paddy Bourke.

Ain al-Hilweh camp, Lebanon - Tension was obvious at the entrance of the Palestinian refugee of Ain al-Hilweh camp between the Lebanese army and members of fundamentalist groups holed inside the camp after repeated clashes for the past two days. Lebanese army soldiers wearing helmets and bullet-proof vests were on full alert at the entrance of the Palestinian camp in southern Lebanon that houses around 75,000 refugees. The latest clash took place late Wednesday when a fundamentalist gunman was killed and a Lebanese army officer wounded in a shootout near the entrance of the camp which is located at the outskirts of the southern port city of Sidon.

Security sources in south Lebanon said the incident occurred when three assailants in a white Renault Rapid opened fire on the soldiers as they tried to make their way through an army checkpoint at the western entrance to the camp.  They said army troops returned fire wounding one gunman, Issa Qiblawi. The second gunman was arrested while the third fled, the sources said. But Qiblawi died of his wounds soon afterwards.  "The vehicle drove past the checkpoint and when troops fired warning shots, they were shot at and an exchange of fire developed," a witness said.

A Palestinian official at Ain al-Hilweh said the three attackers were members of the Islamic grouping Jund al-Sham and Issa Qiblawi was the brother of Sheikh Qiblawi, killed in 2004 in Iraq while fighting for al-Qaeda.  The shootout came almost two weeks after a would-be suicide bomber was shot and killed by Lebanese soldiers as he tried to detonate an explosives belt at a checkpoint on the edge of Ain al-Hilweh.