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middleeasteye.net – In the weeks leading up to Lebanon’s 6 May elections – the first for nine years – much was made of the important role women were supposedly going to play. The numbers were striking: a country where only four women were MPs out of the 128 seats, 86 female candidates were standing for office, an increase of 74 from 2009 when just 12 women ran for parliament. What’s more, the vast majority of them were running outside of the traditional party system, as independent candidates. For many commentators, this surge in women’s participation was a token for change. In the end, however, just six made it to parliament. According to Myriam Sfeir, associate director of the Lebanese American University’s Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World, the traditional political system’s hold over the country was just too strong. “People are not ready to relinquish their sectarian affiliations,” she said.
Battle lost before it began
In some ways the battle for greater female participation was lost before the election even began. In 2017, politicians wrangled for weeks over a new law on how to hold elections, resulting in legislation so complex that Prime Minister Saad Hariri blamed it for the poor voter turnout. And while the new law attempted to be all things to all men, it noticeably fell short in one key aspect: adding a quota for women in parliament. At the time, Hariri’s Future Movement was a loud voice backing the introduction of a quota to ensure 30 percent female participation in parliament. Yet the initiative hit fierce resistance from other parties, and the idea was quickly scrapped. But many refuse to be deterred. The women’s ministry, in partnership with the United Nations and European Union, subsequently ran a campaign ahead of the election promoting parity between the sexes.
Across Lebanon the slogan “Half the population, half the parliament” was displayed on billboards, television and social media. In Lebanon’s new parliament, however, just 4.7 percent of its MPs are women. Many blame Lebanon’s new electoral law, which is a mix of proportional list voting – which should have encouraged non-traditional candidates, like women – undermined by a preferential vote, whereby the voter chooses their favourite personality on the list to give that candidate priority over others. As a result, said Ammar Abboud, an expert in electoral law and member of the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections, hopes that a greater number of candidates would translate into a greater number of MPs were misplaced. “With the preferential vote, members of the same list find themselves competing against each other. To minimise their losses, some candidates put women on their lists precisely because they were less likely to get preferential votes,” Abboud said.