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Toni Johnson, Staff Writer
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Introduction
The relationship between Catholics and Jews is marred by centuries of troubles, including doctrinal polemics, Crusade-era massacres, and forced exiles of Jews. The Vatican moved to improve relations with Jews in 1965, although it did not formally recognize Israel until 1993. Today experts say relations between the Vatican and Israel have never been better. Still, trouble spots remain. Lingering Jewish bitterness over the Vatican’s posture during the Holocaust, the uncertain legal status of church property in Israel, and outstanding concerns about Christian religious sites in the Holy Land continue to be diplomatic sticking points.
Catholic-Jewish Relations
In 1965, the Second Vatican Council adopted the "Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions," called Nostra Aetate (in our time). The declaration addresses the church’s relationship with all non-Catholics and, in particular, affirms the deep connection between Christianity and Judaism, rejecting anti-Semitism "any time and by anyone." In 2005, Eugene Fisher, associate director of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ (USCCB) Secretariat for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, said the declaration marked "the end of one long era in the history of Catholic-Jewish relations."
الإضطهادات في الكنيسة الأولى
إنّ تاريخ المسيحيّة لحافل بالإضطهادات، فقد عان أتباع هذه الدّيانة ولا يزال، يعاني شتّى أنواع التّعذيب أو الإعتداء أحياناً بالجسد وأحياناً بالممتلكات أو بالقتل. ذلك هو جوهر المسيحيّة، التّضحية والفداء في سبيل اللّه. فالمسيح تألّم لأجلنا ذوداً عن خطايانا. لقد حمل لواء هذه الرّسالة المسيحيّين الأوائل منهم القدّيسين الّذين ،لتثبيت ونشر الرّسالة المسيحيّة دفعوا حياتهم ثمنا" لها.إضطهدهم اليهود على عهد الرّومان وهؤلاء بدورهم مارسوا أبشع أنواع التّعذيب
بحقّهم ليبلغ أوجّ هذا الإضطهاد على عهد نيرون.
الإضطهاد اليهودي للمسيحيّين:
تخبرنا الأناجيل أنّ الرّسل وحتّى يسوع المسيح نفسه تعرّض للإضطهاد على يد القادة اليهود. فيسوع والمسيحيّين الأوائل ولدوا وترعرعوا في كنف الدّيانة اليهوديّة، فقد اعتبرهم الفريسيّون منشقّين عن تعاليم موسى. فالإضطهادات والملاحقات إستمرّت بحقّ تلاميذ يسوع حتّى بعد صلبه وقيامته فالقدّيسين بطرس ويوحنّا قد تمّ سجنهما من قبل قادة اليهود ثمّ إخلاء سبيلهما. ومرّة تمّ سجن الرّسل من قبل رئيس الكهنة (أعمال 5 :1717) وأتباعه من الصدّوقيّون.ومرّة" ثانية وبعد أن أخرج الملاك الرّسل من السّجن، تمّ إعادة إعتقالهم وإستجوابهم أمام المجلس أو السنهدرين، ولكن واحدا" من الفرّيسيّين إسمه غمالائيل يحظى باحترام الشّعب، استطاع إقناع أعضاء المجلس بإخلاء سبيلهم بعد جلدهم.
All jazeera.net Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, has criticised the international investigation into the 2005 asssassination of Rafiq al-Hariri, Lebanon’s former prime minister. Nasrallah said on Friday that a decision by a UN-backed court to free Lebanese officers held over the murder does not mean the tribunal is "honest" and instead "is proof that…their detention was political." He also called on Lebanon to widen its investigation into the assassination to include the possibility of Israeli involvement.
"Whoever says that Israel did not have the motive or interest in killing al-Hariri would be killing al-Hariri a second time," he said.
Est-il possible de connaître et de savoir une langue considerée morte telle que la langue Syriaque? Est-il possible d’apprendre cette langue, langue de nos ancêtres, langue des maronites?
Nombreux sont ceux qui rêvent decouvrir cette langue par le souci de conserver leur heritage et leur identité culturelle, spirituelle et religieuse.
“La langue Syriaque est la langue officielle et liturgique de plusieurs groupes ethno-religieux”tels que les Maronites, les Syriaques catholiques et les Syriaques orthodoxes.
Le Syriaque est une langue semitique parlée au Proche-Orient et qui fait partie du “patrimoine araméen”:l’araméen christianisé.
Le Syriaque designe des variantes d’araméen qui se sont répandues au debut de l’ere chrétienne.
Le Syriaque s’ecrit de droite à gauche, son alphabet est derivé de l’alphabet phenicien et se compose de 22 lettres.
By ROBERT F. WORTH BEIRUT, Lebanon — A judge ordered the release of four high-ranking Lebanese security officials on Wednesday, all being held here in connection with the 2005 killing of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. The decision was seen here as a blow to the political movement led by Mr. Hariri’s son.
The judge, Daniel Fransen, said there was not enough evidence to keep holding the four men, who have been detained without charge since September 2005 and are widely believed to have had some knowledge of the killing or involvement in it. They were the only suspects in the custody of the international tribunal based in The Hague that was formed under United Nations auspices after Mr. Hariri’s death in a powerful car bombing on Feb. 14, 2005.
The announcement was met with wild volleys of celebratory gunfire from the generals’ supporters in Beirut and in the southern suburb that is the stronghold of Hezbollah, Mr. Hariri’s political adversary.
“Some Lebanese are not relieved by this decision,” said Saad Hariri, the former prime minister’s son, grim-faced during a news conference here after the decision. But he added that he welcomed any decision from the tribunal in The Hague. He also said releasing the generals would disprove recurring accusations that the tribunal was politicized in favor of Mr. Hariri’s allies.
Then, Hariri’s armed men were round up and disarmed in a matter of minutes by the well-trained Hezbollah fighters. "We have seen the Sunnis in the field, huh!" he said, adding, "They didn’t last for more than 15 minutes!” Jumblatt quickly apologized – but the damage was already done.
Shortly afterwards, when landing in Beirut, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton did not meet the Druze warlord – who had often played host to her predecessor Condoleezza Rice, and been received previously at the Oval Office by George W Bush.
Jumblatt is a symbol of a loud anti-Syrian and anti-Hezbollah stance in Lebanon. The fact that he has lost faith in his own allies – who have bankrolled him for years – and was snubbed by Clinton, are testimony to how much things have changed in Lebanon. This is the same man after all who called for regime change in Damascus, and betted on American and Israeli forces to disarm Hezbollah in 2006.
BEIRUT: The annual Progress Report of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) issued by European Commission in Beirut on Friday indicated that Lebanon has showed "very limited" progress during 2008. "This is a missed opportunity for Lebanon," said the head of the Politics Department at European Commission in Lebanon during a meeting with reporters.
Michael Miller explained that Lebanon was at the "bottom of the scale" in terms of asking for the help of the EU.
"It’s a pity that Lebanon is one of our worst partners," he said, adding that while Morocco filed 44 project proposals since the partnership with the EU was established in 2007, Lebanon has so far submitted four proposals only.
The document, which covers the period between January and December 2008 shows that the slowdown in development was caused by the recent state of political turmoil that the country faced since the 2005 parliamentary elections. The report cites the summer 2006 war with Israel, the delay in electing a president, and the May 2008 street conflicts between opposition fighters and gunmen from the March 14 Forces.
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President Barack Obama considers the choices to be made during a Thursday, Jan. 29, budget meeting in the White House Roosevelt Room, across the hall from the Oval Office in the White House West Wing. Pete Souza/ The White House |
By Linda Feldmann | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
Washington – On the basketball court, Barack Obama likes the old "up and under" move. When he has the ball, he’ll fake one way, wait for the guy who’s covering him to jump, then duck under him.
That observation from Denver sportscaster Vic Lombardi – who lucked into a game of pickup hoops last year with the future leader of the free world – is too juicy to pass up as a possible metaphor for the new president’s governing philosophy: Barack Obama likes to keep people guessing.
Throughout his presidential campaign, Mr. Obama refused to embrace an ideology (though as a senator, he was a safe liberal vote). He called himself a "pragmatist," with an eye toward "what works." In January, when Obama introduced the new chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Tim Kaine, he tiptoed a step further, saying that both he and the Virginia governor share a "pragmatic, progressive philosophy."
"لكم لبنانكم و لي لبناني"
للموقع الجغرافي والتاريخي دورهما في نشأة وتطور أي تجمع بشري محدد في حدود معينة.وللبنان موقعه الفريد والمميز بين البلدان المحيطة به اذ يقع في قلب الشرق الاوسط وقد كان لفترة طويلة نقطة التقاء طرق التجارة وعرف حضارات متعددة.فهو أم الابجدية وبوابة الشرق والغرب.
ان تاريخ لبنان وغناه بالحضارات والثقافات يجعل منه بلدا جاذبا وموطنا مثاليا للعيش. دائما ما نتغنى ببلدنا ان كان في الكتب أو عبر وسائل الاعلام أو الانترنت….قائلين عنه "سويسرا الشرق"وملتقى الحضارات والثقافات واللغات….وهذا واقع اذ أورثنا أجدادنا لبنان على ما هو عليه الان:لبنان "نيال من له مرقد عنزة فيه",لبنان جبران "لبنان النبي"ولبنان سعيد عقل وكثير من الرموز اللبنانية التي طبعت تاريخنا وحضارتنا.
انه لبنان,لبنان,لبنان
BEIRUT – U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton reassured the Lebanese people Sunday that Washington supports "voices of moderation" and will never make a deal with Syria that undermines the country’s interests. Clinton spoke on a surprise visit to Beirut ahead of a critical June 7 election that could see the pro-U.S. Lebanese government ousted by the Iranian-backed Hezbollah and its allies, possibly paving the way for renewed Syrian influence over the country.
"The people of Lebanon must be able to choose their own representatives in open and fair elections without the specter of violence or intimidation and free of outside interference," Clinton told a news conference in Beirut after meeting with President Michel Suleiman.
"Beyond the elections, we will continue to support the voices of moderation in Lebanon and the responsible institutions of the Lebanese state they are working hard to build. Our ongoing support for the Lebanese armed forces remains a pillar of our bilateral cooperation," she added.